Журнал «З архівів ВУЧК-ГПУ-НКВД-КГБ». № 1 (55), 2021

336 Сергій Макарчук, Ганна Побережець Репресована Феміда: архівно-кримінальна справа... А. Онищенка 337 випадках суди стали заважати органам держбезпеки у реалі- unclaimed. Major criteria for a successful career as a judge were the loyalty to the political regime, communist party membership, and «clear» зації масових репресій. Не випадково одним з обвинувачень biography in terms of class nature. At the same time, such principles of голові Миколаївського суду фігурувало «змазування» справ по civilized justice as the separation of the judiciary from the administration, контрреволюції та зайва прискіпливість. the independence of judges, etc. were completely ignored. Despite the fact that A. Onyshchenko met all the requirements for a successful career in law, the wave of the Great Terror did not pass him REFERENCES by. The courts were forced to follow procedural rules in the cases fabricated 1. Muzychenko, P.P. (2001). Istoriia derzhavy i prava Ukrainy. Kyiv: T-vo by NKVD officers and remanded them for re-investigation. Despite being «Znannia». [In Ukrainian]. controlled by party committees and the justice departments. Thus, objectively, both the people’s and regional courts began to obstruct the 2. Podkur, R. (2009). Reaktsiia spivrobitnykiv orhaniv derzhavnoi bezpeky security forces in carrying out repressions in many cases. It is no URSR na prypynennia «velykoho teroru» (lystopad 1938–1939 rr.). Z coincidence that one of the accusations against the chairman of the arkhiviv VUChK–HPU–NKVD–KDB – From archives of VUChK–GPU–NKVD– Mykolaiv court was «smearing» of cases on counterrevolution and KGB, 2, 136–167. [In Ukrainian]. excessive meticulousness. The investigators from the Mykolaiv UNKVD also included his participation in «political gangs» in 1919–1920, in the 3. Usenko, I. (Ed.). (2014). Sudova vlada v Ukraini: istorychni vytoky, anti-Soviet Ukrainian nationalist insurgent organization, in the «beating» zakonomirnosti, osoblyvosti rozvytku. Kyiv: Naukova dumka. [In of Soviet and party cadres, and so on in the formula for accusing Ukrainian]. Onyshchenko. However, the chekists didn’t finish the case of the execution of A. Onyshchenko and some other judges of Mykolaiv Regional Court. 4. Vasyl’iev, V. and Podkur, R. (2017). Radians’ki karateli. Spivrobitnyky NKVS – At the end of 1938, mass repression was finished and, as a result, the vykonavtsi Velykoho teroru na Podilli. Kyiv: Vydavets’ Zakharenko. [In possibility of uncontrolled use of physical and psychological pressure on Ukrainian]. those arrested by investigators was limited. In autumn, 1939, A. Onyshchenko’s case was closed. 5. Vasyl’iev, V., Viola, L., Podkur, R. (Comps.). (2017). Vidlunnia Velykoho teroru. Zbirnyk dokumentiv u 3-kh tomakh. Vol. 1. Partijni zbory ta Key words: people’s court, regional court, NKVD, revolutionary tribunal. operatyvni narady spivrobitnykiv upravlin’ NKVS URSR (lystopad 1938 – lystopad 1939 rr.). Kyiv: Vydavets’ V. Zakharenko. [In Ukrainian]. 6. Yunge, M. (2017). Chekisty Stalina: moshh’ i bessilie. «Berievskaya otte- pel’» v Nikolaevskoj oblasti Ukrainy. Moskva: AIRO-XXI. [In Russian]. Makarchuk S., Poberezhet H. The Repressed Themis: the case of the head of Mykolaiv Regional Court A. Onyshchenko The purpose of the article is to identify the reasons and methods of falsification of criminal cases by state security agencies during the Great Terror of 1937–1938, their features regarding the judiciary staff. The methodology is based on the principles of objectivity, historicism and comprehensive consideration of the problem. Comparative, problem and chronological methods are used. The article traces the evolution of the Soviet judicial system towards its unification and centralization, adjustment to changes in the policy of the political regime. Major trends in the selection of Soviet judges are traced based on the biography of the particular person, A. Onyshchenko. Professional education, great knowledge in various branched of law were