Журнал «З архівів ВУЧК-ГПУ-НКВД-КГБ». № 1 (59), 2023

Під наглядом чекістів: військова промисловість у 1927–1931 рр. 39 Vorozhko V. Under the supervision of the Chekists: the military industry in 1927–1931 Goal. Based on archival and published documents, and scientific works, to investigate the historical aspects of the development of the Soviet military industry, and its relationship with the state security agencies during the late NEP period and at the beginning of the industrialization period. Methodology and methods. The research methodology is based on the principles of objectivity, positivism, systematicity, dialectics, and histo- ricism. The research is based on historical methods: problem-chrono- logical, historical-comparative, and historical-legal. Conclusions. During the studied period, a military-mobilization regime was finally formed in the USSR with over-centralism of power, militarization of the main spheres of life, and extensive use of coercion in all forms. It was found that the political self-isolation of the USSR, hostile relations with many countries of the world, and the lack of allies were the impetus for the increased development of the Soviet military industry. The external military threat was considered real, the suspicion of the Soviet leadership regarding the hostile intentions of its neighbours and other countries of the world was constantly growing. It has been established that the special attention of the Chekists in the field of the military industry was focused on the hostile engineering and technical staff, who had a «bourgeois education», the so-called «spetсes». The Chekists considered one of the main means of improving work in this branch of the economy to be the «communization of personnel», the replacement of «spetсes» by communists and Komsomol members. The author focuses attention on the harassment, and baiting of «spetces» of the military industry, whom the Chekists accused of wrecking, espionage, terrorism, etc. The issue of protection of secret information in the military industry is also analyzed. It is proven that during the researched period, the military industry was under the close supervision of the OGPU bodies, whose activities in the military industry were concentrated in all possible directions, both inherent to the state security bodies and not, namely: a) counterintelligence: countering espionage and preventing the disclosure of secrets; b) political and ideological; c) economic; d) physical control: perimeter protection, bypass system; e) technological; f) anti-sabotage; g) fire-fighting, etc. Key words: classified information, defence industry, espionage, military industry, OGPU, soviet Ukraine, wrecking.